python matplotlib无法显示中文

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python的matplotlib默认情况下是不支持中文的，中文会显示为小方格，所以需要自己指定中文字体到画图中

下载中文字体

中文字体一推，随便用哪一个。我用的下面一个
http://fontzone.net/download/simhei

找到当前环境中matplotlib字体的安装位置

  • 即是当前虚拟环境的位置 
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    locate -b '\mpl-data'                                                          
    /root/.virtualenvs/py3scrapy/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data
    /root/github/JobSpiders/virtualenv/py3scrapy/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data
    /root/paper/virtualenv/py3scrapy/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data
    /usr/share/matplotlib/mpl-data

我的里面有三个,第一个就是我当前所用的环境.

  • 复制字体到/root/.virtualenvs/py3scrapy/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf 目录中

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    cd ~/.cache/matplotlib ##clear cache
    rm -rf *.*
    ## then restart jupyter notebook
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    import matplotlib as  mpl
    from matplotlib  import pyplot as plt
    mpl.rcParams[u'font.sans-serif'] = ['simhei']
    mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

  • 也可以通过直接指定字体的位置

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    import matplotlib.font_manager as mfm
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    font_path = "/usr/share/fonts/custom/simhei.ttf"
    prop = mfm.FontProperties(fname=font_path)
    plt.text(0.5, 0.5, s=u'测试', fontproperties=prop')
    plt.show()

参考链接

https://jdhao.github.io/2017/05/13/guide-on-how-to-use-chinese-with-matplotlib/
https://blog.csdn.net/jeff_liu_sky_/article/details/54023745
https://matplotlib.org/2.0.0/users/text_props.html
https://scentellegher.github.io/visualization/2018/05/02/custom-fonts-matplotlib.html

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